How do philosophers of education evaluate the aims of schools?

Philosophers of education evaluate the aims of schools by subjecting proposed goals to rigorous articulation, defense, and sustained criticism. Because determining the proper aims of education is fundamental to guiding educational practice, philosophers analyze these goals by drawing on other areas of philosophy, relevant disciplines such as psychology and sociology, and the realities of educational practice itself.12

Historically, many philosophers have prioritized the fostering of reason and critical thinking as the central aim of education. However, this focus has faced significant scrutiny from contemporary movements:134

• Feminist philosophers often argue for the inclusion of aims such as caring, emotional development, and sensitivity to the needs of others, challenging the traditional emphasis on public-sphere traits like impartiality.4
• Multiculturalist philosophers emphasize cultural diversity, critiquing how existing aims may privilege specific cultural groups and advocating for the equal treatment of diverse beliefs and worldviews.4
• Postmodern philosophers challenge the existence of universal educational ideals, arguing that "grand narratives" often reflect the power and interests of dominant groups.4

Ultimately, philosophers evaluate these aims to reveal hidden assumptions, clarify ambiguities, and ensure that educational practices are thoughtful and defensible.25