How do offensive realists explain the efforts of states to increase their power?

Offensive realism, a theory notably developed by John J. Mearsheimer, posits that states are aggressive power maximizers that constantly seek to enhance their own power at the expense of competitors.1

This behavior is driven by the structural conditions of the international system, which offensive realists define through several core assumptions:
* Anarchy: There is no central authority above states to arbitrate conflicts or enforce laws.1
* Survival: States prioritize their own survival above all other goals.1
* Uncertainty: States can never fully ascertain the intentions of other actors, making it impossible to know if a neighbor might harbor aggressive designs.1
* Rationality: States act as rational entities that promote their own interests.1

Because states cannot be certain of others' intentions, offensive realists argue that the most rational strategy for ensuring survival is to preemptively increase military might and adopt an assertive stance. Unlike defensive realists, who suggest states seek only enough power to maintain a stable balance, offensive realists contend that the international system provides strong incentives for states to maximize their power, as being the most powerful actor is the best guarantee of security in an anarchic world.12