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How do medals serve as insignia of rank or awards?

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Curie, Marie and Pierre; medal — medal Pierre and Marie Curie depicted on the obverse of a medal from the Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum (International Union Against Cancer) commemorating the Curies' discovery of radium in 1898.

Medals serve as insignia—official signs or tokens—that represent specific ranks, titles, or awards granted for achievements or special events.123

In a military context, medals function as decorations that signify valor, service, or merit. For example, the Medal of Honor is the highest U.S. military decoration, awarded for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life above and beyond the call of duty. These items are often worn as part of a uniform, serving as a visual indicator of a recipient's distinguished actions or status.143

Beyond military use, medals act as awards for excellence in various fields, such as Olympic competition, where they denote top-tier achievement. While they are often categorized alongside other insignia like badges, ribbons, and chevrons, their primary purpose remains the formal recognition of an individual's contribution, bravery, or success.5123