How do deconcentration and decentralization differ in local government?

In the context of local government, deconcentration and decentralization represent distinct approaches to the distribution of authority, though modern systems often incorporate elements of both.1

Deconcentration refers to the administrative practice of shifting functions from a central government to local offices for the sake of convenience. In this model, power remains vested in the central authority, and local officials are appointed by and remain strictly accountable to the center. Essentially, it is a method of departmentalizing the state's work across a territory while maintaining central control over decision-making and discretion.1

Decentralization (often associated with local self-government) involves devolving the authority to make decisions to locally elected councils. These bodies act on their own discretion and possess the power to appoint and discipline their own officials. This approach emphasizes the democratic value of local participation and the belief that many issues are best addressed by those closest to the matter.12

Modern local government is typically a complex mixture of both, balancing the central government's need for uniform service delivery with the local need for autonomy and responsiveness.1