How do Afro-Asiatic languages modify verbs to show repeated action?

In Afro-Asiatic languages, verbs can be modified to indicate various qualities of action through the use of derivational extensions, which form what are known as "stirpes" or "themes." To specifically indicate repeated action—a process referred to as the iterative derivation—these languages employ a combination of root modification (using infixes), derivative affixes, and partial or complete reduplication of the verb stem.1

These derivational markers can also be combined with other elements to express different nuances, such as causative, reflexive, or reciprocal actions. While these systems have evolved significantly across the various branches of the Afro-Asiatic family, the use of these morphological processes remains a key feature in how these languages structure their verbal systems.1