How did the consonant systems of Finnish and Hungarian change from early Uralic?

The consonant systems of Finnish and Hungarian have diverged significantly from the reconstructed Proto-Uralic inventory, which included sounds such as p, t, č, k, s, š, ð, l, r, m, n, ŋ, j, v and various palatalized alveolar consonants.1

Finnish
Modern Finnish has a reduced consonant inventory compared to the early system. It has lost the original palatalized alveolar sounds, as well as č, š, ð, and ŋ. While Finnish has retained many original consonants, it has undergone specific innovations, such as the loss of the distinction between the original s and ś (a palatalized s).12

Hungarian
Hungarian has expanded its consonant system by introducing a voicing contrast—distinguishing between voiceless sounds (like p, t, s) and voiced counterparts (like b, d, z)—a development likely influenced by contact with Indo-European and Turkic languages. Unlike Finnish, Hungarian has maintained the distinction between the two original s sounds, though it has lost the original s in some words. Additionally, Hungarian typically avoids consonant clusters at the beginning of words.123