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How did the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance define antisemitism in 2016?
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antisemitism
Demonstrators protesting antisemitism during a silent march in Paris. The march commemorated Mireille Knoll, a Jewish woman who had survived the Holocaust and was murdered in her home on March 23, 2018, in what authorities called a hate crime.
In 2016, the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) adopted the following working definition of antisemitism:
Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.1
This definition was developed to address the evolving nature of antisemitism in the 21st century, as scholars and organizations sought clearer frameworks to identify and combat the phenomenon, which often incorporates both historical tropes and modern manifestations.1