How did the French occupy Antananarivo in 1895?

In January 1895, French troops landed at Majunga to advance their colonial interests in Madagascar. Following this military arrival, the forces moved inland and successfully occupied the capital, Antananarivo, on September 30, 1895.12

This occupation effectively ended the resistance of the Merina government to French suzerainty. Following the fall of the capital, the prime minister was sent into exile, and the queen was compelled to sign a treaty that recognized Madagascar as a French protectorate, though she was initially maintained on the throne as a figurehead. This event marked a pivotal shift in the history of the island, leading to its eventual formal annexation by the French parliament in 1896.1234