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How did the Constitution of Medina organize Muhammad’s relationship with the city’s tribes?

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World map showing the global distribution of Islam, with countries shaded in varying tones of green to indicate the estimated percentage of the population practicing Islam. Darkest green represents countries with 95-100 percent Muslim populations, including much of North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Central and South Asia. Lighter greens show lower percentages, while most of Europe, the Americas, Australia, and East Asia are shaded to indicate less than 25 percent Muslim population.
Islamic world

The Constitution of Medina was a foundational document established shortly after the Hijrah in 622 CE to organize the social and political structure of the city. It functioned through two primary agreements that integrated the various groups into a cohesive society.

The document placed the muhājirūn—the early Muslims who emigrated with Muhammad—on an equal footing with the eight clans of Medina, known as the anṣār or "helpers." Together, these nine tribes constituted the first ummah, or Muslim community. Additionally, the Constitution provided a framework to regulate the relationships between the Muslim community and the Jewish tribes residing in the city, establishing a formal basis for coexistence and mutual obligation.1