How did the Chinese government make contraceptives available during the one-child policy?

During the one-child policy, the Chinese government actively promoted and provided contraceptives as part of its national family planning program to limit population growth.12

While the government encouraged the use of these services, the implementation of the policy was often coercive. The state utilized a variety of methods to enforce compliance, which included not only the provision of contraceptives but also the use of forced sterilizations and forced abortions.123

It is important to note that the use of coercive family planning practices is widely condemned, as the right of couples to determine the number and spacing of their children is a fundamental principle that should be respected. The government's approach during this period prioritized state-mandated population targets over individual reproductive autonomy, leading to significant physical and emotional consequences for many families.23