How did the Chicago Convention create the International Civil Aviation Organization?

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was established by the Convention on International Civil Aviation, commonly known as the Chicago Convention, which was signed by 52 states in 1944 and came into effect in 1947.12

The convention created the ICAO to serve as a specialized United Nations agency dedicated to developing safe, efficient international air transport and ensuring equitable opportunities for states to operate international airlines. By establishing this organization, the Chicago Convention effectively superseded earlier regulatory bodies, such as the International Commission for Aerial Navigation (ICAN) and the Permanent American Aeronautical Commission (CAPA).12

The ICAO functions through several key components, including a plenary Assembly, a permanent Council, an Air Navigation Commission, and various committees. Under the terms of the convention, the ICAO Council is empowered to adopt international standards and recommended practices, provide technical assistance, and act as a conciliation or judicial body to resolve disputes between member states.12