How did the Assyrian version of the creation story change the role of Marduk?
In the Babylonian creation epic, the Enuma elish, Marduk—the chief god of Babylon—serves as the central hero and creator. He defeats the primordial chaos goddess Tiamat, fashions the universe from her remains, and establishes cosmic order, thereby securing his position as the supreme deity.123
In the Assyrian version of the story, the role of Marduk was fundamentally altered to serve the political and religious interests of the Assyrian Empire. During the reign of Sennacherib, who sought to assert Assyrian dominance over Babylonia, the Assyrians deliberately replaced Marduk with their own national god, Ashur. By transferring Marduk’s primeval achievements and his status as the creator of the world to Ashur, the Assyrians effectively stripped Marduk of his central role in the narrative, positioning Ashur as the supreme authority and personification of the Assyrian state.453