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How did political parties become part of modern political constitutionalism?

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constitution Original copy of the Constitution of the United States of America, housed in the National Archives in Washington, D.C.

Political parties became integral to modern constitutionalism as representative democracies evolved to include mass participation. While early political theorists, including those at the U.S. Constitutional Convention, viewed factions as dangerous threats to stability, the development of representative democracy necessitated organized groups to mobilize voters and manage legislative support.123

The transition from older forms of constitutionalism to constitutional democracy was marked by the institutionalization of parties. Parties became essential for:2
* Mobilizing the electorate: They integrate diverse interests into coherent policy programs.2
* Selecting candidates: They nominate members for elective office, serving as a vital link between the rulers and the ruled.2
* Organizing government: They facilitate the majority's ability to prevail in legislative bodies and support or oppose the executive cabinet.32

By the end of the 19th century, competitive political parties were widely accepted as a standard requirement for democracy. Today, they are recognized as necessary agencies for expressing the will of the people within a constitutional framework.32