How did platforms along the Great Wall help soldiers defend it?

Platforms along the Great Wall of China were essential defensive structures positioned at intervals of approximately 650 to 1,000 feet (200 to 300 metres) along the wall. These crenellated platforms rose slightly above the top of the wall and protruded from the side facing attackers, providing several tactical advantages to soldiers:1

• Commanding View: The platforms offered guards a superior vantage point to monitor the surrounding area.1
• Flanking Fire: Because the platforms protruded from the wall, they allowed defenders to shoot at attackers from the side, which was particularly effective when enemies attempted to scale the wall with ladders.1
• Logistical Support: Some platforms served as multi-story structures used to store weapons and ammunition.1
• Shelter: Certain platforms contained huts known as pufang, which provided necessary shelter for guards during inclement weather.1
• Garrison Accommodations: Larger platforms, such as those found at Badaling, often featured two stories, with the lower level providing living quarters for more than 10 soldiers.1