How did lectures work in medieval Scholastic universities?

In medieval Scholastic universities, teaching was primarily conducted through two methods: the lecture (lectio) and the disputation (disputatio).123

A lecture typically involved the master reading a prescribed text aloud, followed by their own commentary and explication of that material. This process was central to the Scholastic mission of organizing, sorting, and classifying the vast body of traditional knowledge inherited from ancient authorities, such as the Church Fathers, Aristotle, and Plato.134

Complementing the lecture was the disputation, a formal debate where a specific question was posed. During these sessions, students and the teacher would thoroughly argue both the affirmative and negative sides of the issue before the master provided a final resolution to the problem. These methods were institutionalized as part of the rigorous academic training required to master the philosophical and theological traditions of the era.1324