How did coffee exports change Colombia’s economy in the early 20th century?

In the early 20th century, Colombia’s economy became heavily reliant on the export of agricultural and natural resources. By the late 1920s, coffee had become the nation's primary export, accounting for 69 percent of total export value, followed by petroleum and bananas.12

This reliance on a narrow export base created significant economic vulnerability. When the worldwide Great Depression struck in the 1930s, the value of these commodities dropped precipitously. This economic collapse had immediate political consequences, contributing to the defeat of the Conservative Party in the 1930 presidential election and the rise of the Liberal candidate Enrique Olaya Herrera.12