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How did animal rights organizations such as PETA and the Humane Society of the United States promote reform?

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Three PETA protesters in animal masks and green clothing hold signs reading No Fur at a demonstration against fur in clothing at a shopping district in Seoul, South Korea. — Animal rights A PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) demonstration in Seoul, South Korea, against the use of animals for fur in clothing.

Organizations like People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) promote reform through diverse strategies grounded in the ethical principle that animals have interests—such as the avoidance of unnecessary pain—that deserve protection.12

PETA focuses on altering public attitudes and industry practices through:
* Creative Advocacy: Using high-profile, often humorous advertising to challenge "speciesism" and promote cruelty-free alternatives.1
* Direct Industry Engagement: Successfully pressuring cosmetics and fashion companies to adopt "cruelty-free" policies and go "fur-free".1
* Litigation and Exposure: Utilizing legal action and investigations to expose and end animal use in research and crash testing.1

The HSUS emphasizes systemic change through:
* Legislative Action: Lobbying for and drafting federal laws, such as the Humane Slaughter Act and the PETS Act.2
* Undercover Investigations: Exposing abuse in factory farming and research, which has led to significant regulatory actions and product recalls.2
* Education and Relief: Providing professional training and operating large-scale disaster relief and rescue services.2