How did al-Muizz expand Fatimid rule in North Africa before conquering Egypt?

Before conquering Egypt, al-Muʿizz consolidated and expanded Fatimid authority across North Africa through both military campaigns and the reinforcement of his regional influence. By the time he succeeded his father in 953, his rule was already acknowledged over much of the region encompassing modern-day Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.1

Key actions taken to secure his North African dominion included:

• Military Expeditions: In 958–959, al-Muʿizz dispatched his general Jawhar on a westward campaign to reduce Fès and other territories where Fatimid authority had been challenged. This successful expedition extended Fatimid reach to the Atlantic coast.1
• Naval Expansion: He asserted control over the island of Sicily, strengthening the dynasty's Mediterranean presence.1
• Consolidation of Power: He maintained stability in the Maghrib by relying on loyal allies, such as the Berber chief Ziri ibn Manad, whose support was critical in eastern Algeria.2

These efforts ensured that the Fatimid base in North Africa was secure before Jawhar successfully led the invasion of Egypt in 969.13