How did a Sufi disciple become initiated into a tariqa?

To become initiated into a tariqa (Sufi order), a seeker—known as a murid—must first find a master (shaykh or pir) with whom they feel a preformed affinity. The initiation process involves several key steps:12

• Initiation Ceremony: The disciple swears allegiance (bay'at) into the master’s hand, formally committing to the order’s guidance.1
• Investiture: The disciple is invested with the khirqah, the master’s frock. This is the decisive act that incorporates the disciple into the silsilah, the chain of mystical succession that traces back to the Prophet Muhammad.1
• Training: Following initiation, the murid undergoes stern training. This often includes performing menial tasks within the community, serving other brethren, and engaging in begging or periods of seclusion under rigorous conditions.1

Throughout this journey, the master exercises significant authority, guiding the disciple through ascetic practices, meditation, and the struggle against the lower soul. While some disciples live in a center (dargah or khanaqah), most return to their daily lives, participating in mystic services periodically.12