Britannica Sources used in this answer

How did William James’s radical empiricism treat relations between things?

Created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.

In William James’s radical empiricism, relations between things are considered just as real as the things themselves.1

James argued that these relations—whether conjunctive or disjunctive—are matters of direct, particular experience, existing on the same level as the objects they connect. This perspective distinguishes his work from the empiricism of David Hume. According to James, the universe is a concatenated or continuous structure where the parts of experience hold together from next to next through these experienced relations. Consequently, the world does not require any hidden, transempirical, or extraneous support to account for its coherence; the connections are inherently part of the directly apprehended universe.1