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How did Sanskrit and Dravidian languages use causative verb forms in similar ways?
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Indo-Aryan languages
Devanagari script from a section of the Sanskrit Bhagavata Purana, c. 1880–c. 1900; in the British Library.
Sanskrit and Dravidian languages exhibit convergent grammatical features due to their long-standing proximity in India, including the development of morphological causatives.1
In both language families, causative verb forms are created by adding specific suffixes to the verbal root to indicate that an action is being caused by an agent. Examples of this shared structural development include:
- Sanskrit: The root gam- (to go) becomes gamaya- (to cause to go).1
- Dravidian (e.g., Konda): The root ki- (to do) becomes kibis- (to cause to do).1
This similarity is considered one of the important grammatical features resulting from the extensive regional and societal bilingualism that has occurred between Indo-Aryan and Dravidian speakers since the 2nd millennium BCE.12