How did Ruth Glass use the term gentrification to describe changes in London neighbourhoods?

The term gentrification was first coined in 1964 by the British sociologist Ruth Glass. She used it to describe the specific social and physical transformation of London neighbourhoods during that period.1

In her analysis, Glass observed a process where wealthier, privileged newcomers moved into areas that were previously populated by working-class residents. This influx of affluent individuals and businesses led to the renovation and rebuilding of homes, which ultimately resulted in the displacement of the original, poorer residents.12

Glass’s term highlighted the tension between these two groups, as the interests of the newcomers often diverged from those of the long-standing community. By identifying this trend, she drew attention to how rising costs of living and changes to the built environment could force out families who had called these neighbourhoods home for generations, fundamentally altering the social fabric of the city.12