How did Robert Walpole become Britain’s first prime minister?

Robert Walpole is generally considered Britain’s first prime minister, though he rejected the title himself, viewing it as a term of abuse. His rise to this position was driven by his mastery of the House of Commons, his financial expertise, and his ability to navigate political crises.1234

Walpole’s path to power was solidified in the aftermath of the South Sea Bubble in 1720, a financial scandal that ruined many investors and implicated several government ministers. While others were disgraced by corruption, Walpole used his political skill and persuasive debating powers to protect the Whig leadership and restore public confidence.35

In April 1721, he became first lord of the Treasury and chancellor of the Exchequer, positions he held until 1742. His long ascendancy was further secured by the support of George I and George II, which allowed him to effectively manage the government and coordinate the work of ministers at a time when the monarch had ceased chairing cabinet meetings.3426