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How did Petrus Ramus handle singular terms such as proper names in logical arguments?

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logic: universal affirmative — Modern logic Representations of the universal affirmative, “All A's are B's” in modern logic.

Petrus Ramus addressed singular terms, such as proper names, by explicitly incorporating them into his logical arguments rather than attempting to force them into standard universal forms.12

While earlier logicians, such as Pseudo-Scotus, often treated singular terms by assimilating them to universal propositions—for example, interpreting "Julius Caesar is mortal" as "All Julius Caesars are mortal"—Ramus rejected these artificial conversion techniques. Instead, he focused on the direct use of singular premises in valid syllogisms, such as: "Octavius is the heir of Caesar. I am Octavius. Therefore, I am the heir of Caesar".12

Although his specific proposals for handling these terms were not widely adopted at the time, his refusal to use artificial transformations and his commitment to addressing singular terms directly are viewed as precursors to more recent interests in modern logic.12