How did Parshvanatha's teachings differ from Mahavira's teachings about clothing?
In Jainism, the teachings of Parshvanatha and Mahavira differed significantly regarding ascetic practice and clothing. Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara, permitted his followers to wear both an upper and a lower garment. In contrast, Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, adopted a more rigorous path and abandoned clothing altogether.1
These differing views on nudity and property ownership eventually became a central point of distinction between the two primary sects of Jainism: the Shvetambara ("White-robed"), who continue the practice of wearing simple white garments, and the Digambara ("Sky-clad"), whose male ascetics practice nudity as a sign of renunciation. According to tradition, these views were eventually reconciled when disciples of both Tirthankaras reached an agreement, with the followers of Parshvanatha adopting the reforms introduced by Mahavira.231