How did Norse influence the Greenlandic language?

The influence of Norse on the Greenlandic language is primarily evidenced by the presence of four loanwords that entered the language during the medieval period when Norse settlers and the Inuit Thule culture interacted in Greenland.12

While Norse settlements existed in southern Greenland from 985 until approximately 1500, linguistic borrowing remained limited. Despite the long-term presence of these European settlers and the later establishment of a permanent Danish-Norwegian colony in 1721, there were surprisingly few borrowings from Norse or Danish into the Greenlandic language until the mid-20th century.123

Instead of significant linguistic assimilation, the interaction between the two groups was historically characterized by trade and occasional conflict, with the Inuit adopting certain Norse material goods—such as church-bell metal and woven wool cloth—rather than integrating Norse vocabulary into their own Eskimo-Aleut languages.12