How did Menilek II use misleading reports about the size of his army before the Battle of Adwa?

Prior to the Battle of Adwa, Emperor Menilek II employed a shrewd strategy to deceive the Italian forces regarding his military capabilities. While his army actually numbered more than 100,000 well-armed troops, Menilek intentionally leaked false reports suggesting he commanded a significantly smaller force.12

In addition to downplaying the size of his army, he spread rumors of widespread discord among his ranks. This tactical deception was intended to influence the decision-making of the Italian governor and military leader, Gen. Oreste Baratieri. By creating the impression of a weaker and divided Ethiopian force, Menilek contributed to the conditions that led the Italians to underestimate their opposition, ultimately resulting in a decisive Ethiopian victory on March 1, 1896.12