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How did Kant try to resolve the disagreement between empiricism and rationalism?

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Painting by Joseph Aubert of Saint Thomas Aquinas seated with a book, wearing a halo and black and white robes, surrounded by ornate patterns in St. Stephens Church, Jerusalem. — Western philosophy Painting of scholastic philosopher St. Thomas of Aquinas by Joseph Aubert, 1900.

Immanuel Kant sought to resolve the long-standing conflict between empiricism (which argues all knowledge originates in experience) and rationalism (which posits that reason is the primary source of knowledge) through his transcendental idealism.

Kant argued that while all knowledge begins with experience, it does not all arise out of experience. He proposed a "Copernican revolution" in philosophy, asserting that the mind is not a passive recipient of data but an active participant that structures experience. According to Kant, human knowledge is the product of the knowing subject imposing a priori factors—specifically the forms of space and time and the categories of the understanding (such as causality)—onto the raw data of sense impressions.123

By doing so, Kant maintained that we can have synthetic a priori judgments—knowledge that is both necessary and informative—because the mind provides the framework that makes experience possible. However, he also limited the scope of human knowledge, arguing that we can only know phenomena (things as they appear to us) and never the things-in-themselves (noumena), which remain forever beyond our reach.231