How did Jacob Riis and Hutchins Hapgood report on life in New York City slums?

Jacob Riis and Hutchins Hapgood were prominent late 19th-century writers who acted as ethnographers to expose the harsh realities of life in New York City slums to a wider audience.1

Jacob Riis
A police reporter on the Lower East Side, Riis used factual, chilling descriptions of tenement conditions to shock the public conscience. His seminal work, How the Other Half Lives (1890), was particularly influential because he combined his writing with pioneering flashbulb photography to document the interiors and exteriors of slums. His work was instrumental in stimulating the first significant legislation to curb tenement evils and served as a vital predecessor to the muckraking journalism that emerged after 1900.23

Hutchins Hapgood
Like Riis, Hapgood ventured into urban neighborhoods to observe and document the lives of actual people. Both writers were part of a broader movement in the late 19th century where journalism and literature turned their gaze toward the complexity of immigrant lifestyles and the abysmal living conditions brought about by rapid industrialization and urbanization.1

Would you like to know more about how these early narrative techniques influenced later 20th-century journalism?