How did Immanuel Kant try to resolve the disagreement between empiricism and rationalism?

Immanuel Kant sought to resolve the long-standing conflict between empiricism (which emphasizes experience) and rationalism (which emphasizes reason) through his doctrine of transcendental idealism.

Kant argued that human knowledge is a synthesis of two components: the raw data provided by sense experience and the structural framework imposed by the human mind. He proposed that the mind is not a passive recipient of information but an active participant that organizes experience using a priori forms, such as space and time, and pure concepts of the understanding (categories) like causality.123

By demonstrating that these categories are necessary conditions for any possible experience, Kant explained how synthetic a priori knowledge is possible. He famously compared this shift to a Copernican revolution, asserting that objects must conform to the requirements of human sensibility and rationality, rather than the mind simply conforming to an external world. Consequently, while we can know the world as it appears to us (phenomena), the things-in-themselves (noumena) remain forever beyond our reach.2413