How did Genghis Khan’s era influence the language represented by Classical Mongolian?

Classical Mongolian, also known as Literary Mongolian, serves as a written representation of the language as it was spoken during the era of Genghis Khan. The influence of this period on the language is primarily observed through the development and adoption of its writing system.1

During the early stages of the Mongol Empire, the Mongols lacked an original state concept and administrative bureaucracy, often relying on foreign councilors to manage their expanding domains. To facilitate administration, the Mongols adopted the Uyghur script for writing the Mongol language. This script, which was borrowed from the Turkic Uyghurs, became a foundational element of the written language.21

While Classical Mongolian differs in many respects from the present-day spoken language, it remains a durable literary form that preserves the linguistic character of the 13th-century era. The oldest known document in the Mongol language, a stone inscription, dates to approximately 1224, reflecting this early period of the written tradition.12