How did Flavius Josephus use the name Festival of Lights for Hanukkah?

Created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.

The Jewish historian Flavius Josephus was the first to refer to Hanukkah as the "Festival of Lights" in his work The Antiquities of the Jews, which was completed in 93 ce.12

For Josephus, the name did not primarily refer to the physical candles of the menorah or the later rabbinic tradition regarding the miracle of the oil. Instead, he used the term as a metaphor for religious freedom. This interpretation emphasizes the historical significance of the Maccabees' victory in reclaiming the Temple of Jerusalem and restoring Jewish practice, rather than the miraculous account of the oil that became central to the holiday in later Babylonian Talmud interpretations.123