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How did Epicureanism seek to reduce fear of the gods?

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Bronze bust of Epicurus with a full beard and draped clothing, displayed on a round inscribed base at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples. — Epicureanism Epicurus, bronze bust from a Greek original, c. 280–270 bce; in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples.

Epicureanism sought to reduce the fear of the gods by teaching that they are beatified, immortal beings who are completely unconcerned with human affairs. Rather than viewing the gods as active participants in the world who might intervene or punish mortals, Epicureans believed the gods exist in a state of perfect happiness, remote from the troubles of humanity.123

By applying natural science, Epicurus aimed to dispel the superstitious belief that celestial phenomena were caused by divine intervention. He argued that the gods do not manipulate the world, as such activity would be inconsistent with their perfect, undisturbed nature. This perspective was a central component of the Tetrapharmacon, a summary of Epicurean wisdom which explicitly states that "the gods are not to be feared".243

Ultimately, Epicurus taught that while humans should look to the gods as examples of perfection, they should not fear them, as the gods pay no attention to human life. This understanding was intended to liberate individuals from religious anxieties, allowing them to achieve ataraxia—a state of tranquility untroubled by mental or emotional disquiet.25