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How did Epicurean philosophy differ from Stoicism?

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Bronze bust of Epicurus with a full beard and draped clothing, displayed on a round inscribed base at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples. — Epicureanism Epicurus, bronze bust from a Greek original, c. 280–270 bce; in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples.

Epicureanism and Stoicism represent distinct approaches to the human condition, primarily diverging in their ethical foundations and social outlooks.12

Core Ethics: Epicureanism identifies the supreme good as pleasure, defined specifically as the absence of pain in the body and soul. Conversely, Stoicism is an ethic of duty, where the goal is to live in agreement with the rational order of the world.12
Social Engagement: Stoics view the world as a single city, requiring individuals to play an active role in world affairs as "world citizens". Epicureans, however, advocate for a withdrawn, quiet life, often centered on the "garden"—a private sphere where the primary law is friendship rather than universal reason.21
Common Ground: Despite these fundamental differences, both schools ultimately encourage similar practical outcomes, such as the practice of temperance and justice, to help individuals avoid anxiety and maintain a balanced life.12