How did Dewey explain ideas as instruments for predicting the results of actions?

John Dewey developed a philosophy known as instrumentalism, which posits that ideas function as tools or instruments for navigating the world. Rather than being static reflections of reality, Dewey argued that ideas are plans of action and predictors of future events.1

According to Dewey, possessing an idea means being prepared to utilize an object or concept in a specific way to achieve a predictable outcome. For instance, having an idea of a hammer involves the readiness to use it to drive nails into wood, while a medical idea might predict that a specific vaccine will prevent a particular illness.1

Essentially, ideas predict that undertaking a defined line of conduct under specified conditions will yield a determinate result. Because these ideas can be mistaken, they must be subjected to experimental inquiry to verify if their predictions hold true. Through this rigorous testing, ideas empower individuals to direct natural and social processes toward human benefit.1