How did Central Intelligence Agency activities change after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991?

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) underwent significant changes to both its institutional structure and its primary mission.1

Before 1990, more than half of the agency's resources were dedicated to activities targeting the Soviet Union. In the post-Cold War era, the CIA shifted its focus toward the following areas:1

• Targeting Nonstate Actors: The agency increasingly prioritized monitoring and countering threats from terrorists and international criminal organizations.12
• Nuclear Proliferation: Significant efforts were directed toward the collection and analysis of information regarding the proliferation of nuclear weapons.12
• Expanded Use of Technology: Spy satellites, previously used exclusively for military purposes, were repurposed for tasks such as gathering evidence of human rights abuses and ecological disasters.1

During the 1990s, the CIA also supported U.S. military operations in the Balkans and the Middle East, and occasionally acted as a mediator between Israel and the Palestinian Authority.1