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How did Bucky Barnes become the Winter Soldier?
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Captain America
Chris Evans as the title character in Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), directed by Joe Johnston.
In the final days of World War II, Bucky Barnes was caught in an explosion while attempting to defuse a bomb on a drone aircraft. Although he lost an arm in the blast, he survived and was recovered by the Soviets. They replaced his missing limb with a bionic arm and brainwashed him into becoming an assassin known as the Winter Soldier. To maintain his youth, he was kept in suspended animation between his missions.1