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How did Artaxerxes III reconquer Egypt in 343 BCE?
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Achaemenid Empire
Frieze of Archers from the palace of Darius I at Susa, c. 510 bce; some believe the warriors are among the Ten Thousand Immortals.
After a failed attempt in 351 BCE, Artaxerxes III successfully reconquered Egypt in 343 BCE by employing a large land and naval force.12
Following the suppression of revolts in Sidon and other regions, Artaxerxes gathered a significant army that included mercenaries from Thebes, the Argives, and Greek cities in Asia Minor. He advanced on the Nile River delta and defeated the pharaoh Nectanebo II at Pelusium.12
Following the victory, the local Egyptian dynasty fled south to Nubia, while Artaxerxes installed a Persian satrap to govern the region. The conquest was marked by the destruction of city walls and the plundering of temples, solidifying Achaemenid control until the arrival of Alexander the Great in 332 BCE.1234