How did Aristotle’s geocentric model describe the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars?

In the context of Aristotelianism, Aristotle’s geocentric model described the universe as a series of approximately 55 nested, concentric spheres centered on a stationary Earth.1

Aristotle adopted the theory of homocentric spheres developed by Eudoxus of Cnidus to explain the motions of the heavens. In this system:1

• Uniform Circular Motion: Aristotle posited that celestial objects were perfect and moved in uniform circular paths, which he considered the natural state of motion for heavenly bodies.21
• The Spheres: Each planet, as well as the Sun and Moon, was attached to a set of these nested spheres. Aristotle added extra spheres to the model to "unroll" the motions of a planet, ensuring that the movement of one sphere was not transmitted to the next inner one.1
• Stars: The outermost sphere served as the seat of the unchangeable stars and the source of primary motion.2

This system was valued for its internal logic and aesthetic consistency, though it lacked a mechanism for empirical testing and failed to account for observed variations in planetary brightness and distance.21