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How did Aramaic replace Babylonian as a major written and spoken language in Mesopotamia?

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Sumerian cuneiform tablet — cuneiform An account of barley distribution, probably from Uruk, Mesopotamia, c. 3100–2900 bce; in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.

Aramaic replaced Babylonian as the primary language of Mesopotamia through a gradual process driven by the efficiency of the Phoenician alphabet and shifting geopolitical dynamics.12

By the 8th century BCE, Aramaic had gained acceptance among the Assyrians as a second language. Its spread was accelerated by the mass deportations conducted by the Assyrians and its adoption as a lingua franca by Babylonian merchants. Unlike the complex cuneiform writing system, which was cumbersome and increasingly limited to moribund, artificial literary idioms, the Aramaic script offered superior efficiency and economy.12

By the 7th and 6th centuries BCE, Aramaic had supplanted Akkadian as the lingua franca of the Middle East. It subsequently became the official language of the Achaemenian Empire. While cuneiform continued to be used by priests for religious texts until the 1st century CE, its role in government and daily communication had been entirely overtaken by Aramaic, which eventually evolved into regional dialects such as Syriac and Mandaic.1345