How did Anaxagoras’s seeds differ from Democritus’s atoms?

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The primary difference between the "seeds" of Anaxagoras and the atoms of Democritus lies in their qualitative nature.1

  • Anaxagoras’s Seeds: Anaxagoras proposed that there are as many qualitatively different "atoms," or seeds, as there are distinct substances in nature. In his view, every substance contains all possible kinds of seeds, and a substance is named after the type of seed that predominates within it. Because these seeds are present in all things, a substance can change into another through the separation and recombination of these seeds.1
  • Democritus’s Atoms: In contrast, Democritus postulated that atoms are qualitatively identical and possess no inherent differences. He argued that all observable qualitative differences in the world arise solely from the quantitative properties of atoms—specifically their size, shape, and motion. While Anaxagoras’s seeds are defined by their specific qualities, Democritus’s atoms are "qualityless" and interact within a void to create the variety of the visible world.1