How can weaker performance in one subsystem be offset by stronger performance in another subsystem?

In systems engineering, the ability to offset limited performance in one subsystem with superior performance in another is managed through trade-offs.

When subsystems interact significantly, engineers use mathematical models to analyze these interactions quantitatively. These models allow designers to determine if a specific, desired level of overall system performance can be achieved through various configurations. By adjusting the performance variables of individual components, engineers can identify the most economical way to reach a goal or determine if a proposed objective is realistic.

For example, a project might accept a modest reduction in the performance of one subsystem to achieve radical savings in overall cost, or it may be discovered that existing equipment is capable of exceeding original requirements at little additional expense. These optimization studies are essential during both the early exploratory phases of a project and the final design stages to ensure the system functions efficiently and meets its intended purpose.1