How can nonverbal communication create impressions of power or empathy?

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A woman telephone operator wearing a headset sits at a manual switchboard, connecting calls by plugging cords into rows of jacks, circa 1900. — communication Operator at a telephone switchboard, c. 1900.

Nonverbal communication serves as a powerful instrument for shaping social perceptions, including the projection of power and the expression of empathy. These signals, which exclude spoken language, rely on visual and auditory cues to influence how an individual is perceived by others.1

Projecting Power and Dominance

Nonverbal signals are frequently used to exert influence and establish social hierarchy. Research into nonverbal communication highlights that individuals can convey dominance through specific postural and positional cues. For instance, aggressive or powerful stances often involve leaning toward an opponent, which signals assertiveness and control. These behaviors are rooted in evolutionary patterns where body posture is used to reflect intentions and establish status within a group.1

Expressing Empathy and Rapport

Conversely, nonverbal cues are essential for building empathy and rapport. While power is often associated with assertive, expansive postures, empathy is typically fostered through more subtle, receptive signals. These include:

Facial Expressions: Universally shared expressions allow individuals to communicate emotional states and connect with others across different cultures.1
Eye Contact: Maintaining appropriate eye contact is a key visual signal used to coordinate attention and demonstrate engagement with another person.1
Paralanguage: Auditory cues, such as tone of voice and dramatic pauses, help convey emotional nuance and sincerity, which are vital for establishing a sense of connection and understanding.1