How can nationalism make wars more difficult to end?

Nationalism can make wars more difficult to end because the intensity of its influence often discourages compromise and the acceptance of defeat. By framing political conflicts through the lens of national identity and ideology, nationalism can transform disputes into existential struggles where opponents are viewed as hostile or dangerous.1

This dynamic complicates conflict resolution in several ways:

• Heightened Stakes: When states identify themselves with rigid or explosive beliefs, the perceived necessity of defending the "national interest" makes it harder for leaders to concede, as doing so may be viewed as a betrayal of the nation.1
• Resistance to Compromise: Because nationalism often involves deep-seated emotional and cultural attachments, it creates an environment where the "other" is delegitimized, making diplomatic concessions appear as unacceptable losses rather than pragmatic solutions.1
• Prolonged Severity: The emotional and ideological weight of nationalism tends to increase both the duration and the severity of conflicts, as the goal shifts from limited political objectives to the defense or assertion of national identity.1

While these challenges are particularly associated with new or immature nationalisms, the intimate link between nationalism and statehood remains a persistent factor in complicating the peaceful resolution of international disputes.1