How can bird flu spread between poultry farms within one region?

Within a single region, bird flu is transmitted between poultry farms through several primary pathways:

• Environmental Contamination: The virus can be spread via airborne dust and soil that has been contaminated with the feces of infected birds.12
• Human and Operational Activity: The movement of contaminated clothing, feed, and farming equipment between locations can facilitate the spread of the virus.12
• Wildlife Vectors: Wild animals can carry the virus on their bodies, acting as mechanical vectors that transport the pathogen from one farm to another.12

Once a farm is exposed, infected birds shed the virus through their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces, which further contaminates the local environment and increases the risk of transmission to neighboring facilities. Maintaining strict sanitary precautions and decontaminating equipment are essential measures for controlling the spread of the disease within a region.12