How can a lack of sidewalks and bicycle trails affect physical activity levels?

The absence of sidewalks and bicycle trails acts as a significant environmental barrier to physical activity. When convenient and safe infrastructure for walking or cycling is unavailable, individuals face greater difficulty in meeting recommended activity levels, which are essential for maintaining health and preventing chronic conditions.1

The rise of car-centric urban sprawl throughout the 20th century prioritized automobile travel, often at the expense of pedestrian-friendly environments. This shift made basic amenities harder to reach without a vehicle, contributing to a decline in physical fitness and social interaction. Conversely, urban planning concepts like the 15-minute city aim to reverse these trends by ensuring that essential services are reachable via a short walk or bike ride, thereby integrating movement into daily life and supporting public health.2

For many, the lack of safe, accessible spaces remains a primary obstacle to staying active, highlighting the critical role that built environments play in facilitating or hindering the physical well-being of a population.1