Why is Hadfield steel especially resistant to wear?

Hadfield steel, also known as manganese steel, is a type of austenitic steel containing approximately 12 percent manganese and 1.2 percent carbon. Its exceptional resistance to wear is primarily due to its high work-hardening capabilities.12

When the surface of the steel is subjected to pounding or deformation, it creates a large number of disturbances within the crystal lattices. These disturbances effectively block the flow of dislocations, which causes the material to become significantly stronger as it is used. Essentially, the more the steel is subjected to impact, the harder and more wear-resistant it becomes. This unique property makes it an ideal material for components in rock-processing machinery, crushers, and power shovels.2