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Why have solvent-based coatings been limited by environmental regulations?

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Solvent-based coatings have faced increasing environmental restrictions since the 1960s due to their contribution to air pollution.1

These coatings rely on organic solvents to dissolve polymers and facilitate application. When the coating is applied and cured, these low-molecular-weight substances—collectively known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—are released into the atmosphere. At low elevations, these VOCs contribute to the formation of ozone, a primary component of urban air pollution.1

Because of these environmental and health risks, regulatory bodies have implemented strict controls on solvent usage. Consequently, modern solvent-based products are often formulated as high-solids coatings, which contain a significantly reduced fraction of volatile organic compounds to comply with pollution-control standards.1