Why do high-voltage power lines reduce energy loss during electricity transmission?

High-voltage power lines are used to transmit electric power over long distances to minimize energy loss caused by the electrical resistance of the transmission wires.1

The energy lost as heat during transmission is known as Joule heating, which is calculated by the formula:
$$P=I^{2}R$$
In this equation, $P$ represents the power loss, $I$ is the electric current, and $R$ is the resistance of the wire. Because the power loss is proportional to the square of the current, even small reductions in current lead to significant decreases in energy dissipation.23

By using step-up transformers to increase the voltage, power companies can deliver the same amount of total power while significantly lowering the current flowing through the lines. This reduction in current effectively minimizes the heat loss that would otherwise occur due to the wire's resistance, making long-distance electricity distribution much more efficient.142