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Why did the development of an immobilized electrolyte make dry cells possible?
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Cutaway view of an alkaline–manganese dioxide power cell.
The development of an immobilized electrolyte was the critical innovation that enabled the creation of the dry cell. Early primary batteries, such as the original version of the Leclanché cell, were "wet" because they relied on a liquid solution—typically ammonium chloride—as the electrolyte.
By introducing an immobilized electrolyte in the late 1880s, manufacturers were able to eliminate the risks and logistical challenges associated with liquid leakage. This transition allowed for the production of portable, self-contained power sources that could be used in various orientations without the danger of spilling, effectively launching the modern dry-cell industry.1